The arts and crafts movement: finding a balance between handmade and mechanisation

December 14, 2023

Inspired by critical thinkers who oppose the dehumanizing nature of industrialisation, the arts and crafts movement campaigned for a revival in craft techniques and the elevation of the applied arts. 

The movement began in the second half of the 19th century, and spread from Britain to other parts of Europe, North America and Japan. It was initiated by William Morris, a prolific designer who sought to improve standards of decorative arts in response to the overwhelming demand for mass-produced goods.

The arts and crafts movement valued traditional craftsmanship and opposed industrialisation. The craftsmen of the movement produced high-quality, handmade items using techniques that were passed down from generation to generation. These pieces were often highly decorative and practical, with a focus on functionality and beauty.

Despite its rejection of industrialisation, the arts and crafts movement also embraced new technologies such as mechanisation. Many workshops established by the movement utilised modern machinery in combination with traditional methods to increase production and meet the growing demand.

The movement was also heavily influenced by the philosophy of John Ruskin, who believed in promoting social reform through art. Ruskin argued that mass-produced goods not only lacked quality and individuality, but they also led to a decline in skilled labor and contributed to economic inequality.

As the arts and crafts movement gained popularity, it sparked a significant shift in consumerism, with an increasing number of people seeking out handcrafted goods. It also influenced the development of new design principles and decorative styles, such as the Art Nouveau movement.

Today, the arts and crafts movement continues to inspire artists, craftsmen and designers around the world. Its emphasis on traditional techniques and quality over quantity remains relevant in a society that is increasingly focused on mass production and consumerism. This is particularly true with respect to textiles, ceramics, and other forms of home decor, where handcrafted items are often abandoned in favor of cheaper, machine-made alternatives. It is equally true in the context of artisan foods and beverages, such as chocolate, cheese or wine, where mass production has led to distorted pricing, lack of product differentiation and, in some cases, a decline in quality.

In addition to its impact on art and design, the arts and crafts movement also had a significant influence on social reform and the development of the modern labor movement. Its emphasis on the value of skilled labor and the dignity of work helped pave the way for better working  conditions and fair wages for craftsmen and factory workers alike. The movement also promoted the idea of self-sufficiency and a return to simpler, more sustainable ways of living.

Artists and designers continue to incorporate elements of this movement into their work, creating a bridge between past traditions and present innovation.  In doing so, the social and moral impact of art and artisanship can be seen in shaping society, promoting unity and understanding, preserving cultural heritage, and inspiring positive change.

CPM